Pruning - Observable Reality

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Apple Trees

Remove sucker growth at the base to keep the energy moving up into the tree versus into the new tree.
Determine your central leader (one main branch going up)
Remove broken branches and any branches moving inward.
Cut at the collar, not the trunk of the tree. Basically 1/2 inch from the trunk of the tree.
When you’re done, it should be kind of pyramid shaped.
Open the frame up to get more air circulation inside the tree to keep disease down.
Cut at a 45 degree angle to keep water from pooling on the flat cut and causing disease.
You can use limb spreaders to keep limbs from getting to close and rubbing up against each other.

There are 2 types of Raspberries: Primocanes and Floricanes (produce 2 harvests a year)
Trim your primocanes down to the ground in January.
Taylor is an amazing tasting Raspberry.

You need full sun and good drainage. On a slope is perfect.
Plant them 18″ apart. Compact them down so there are no air pockets.
Clip them down as close to the ground as possible to invigorate growth.
By May you should see good growth.
Prune in January or February.
Fertilize in early April and Early June. Do not fertilize after the 4th of July.
Got worms eating your leaves or spider mites sucking the chloroform out? Mix 1 tablespoon Neem Oil and 1 teaspoon of Dr. Bronner’s liquid soap with a gallon of warm water and spray everything. Leaves and canes.
Deer and Rabbit repellent filled with blood and pepper keep rabbits and deer away from your Raspberries. Wear gloves when you put them up. Hang them every 3-5′ apart.
Mid-August is the primocane harvest time.
You can keep birds off your Raspberries by hanging aluminum foil pains or cans that are shiny and bang in the wind to scare birds off.
In early October, lay down K-Mag 0-0-21.5, which is 21% sulfur and 10.5% magnesium. Put down 1 pound over 30 feet. And add 5 pounds of Soil Acidifier for 30 feet. Use gloves.

In Spring, as you get a tall shooter up, trim it at 2-4 feet. It will then spread out laterally and grow a ton of fruit.
After that stem fruits, trim it all the way down as it will never grow fruit again.
After they fruit, trim them all the way down to the ground in mid winter.

Clean in early Spring.
For summer bearing Raspberries, simply trim them down to the soil level any weak or damaged canes.
Thin your Raspberry patch so that the healthy stems are 6″ apart.

Do not prune until you see green buds on the stems.
Trim them to about 14″ tall, just above a new growth / buds are.
If it’s grown to 10 feet tall, don’t take it down to 14″ just yet. Trim it down to 2-4′ and then when you see where the new growth is coming in, trim down to 14″
If you don’t trim it back, it won’t bloom like crazy.
Trim in late January.

Trim off all the smaller stuff.
Remove branches that rub up against each other as that can cause disease.
Remove some branches to get good air circulation.
Cut dead branches off.
If you don’t trim the super tall ones down they will break off / split open in the wind and the whole plant will die.
Look to trim above buds that are outward facing versus inward facing.
It’s OK to but higher up if you don’t see any buds lower.